إرشادات مقترحات البحث معلومات خط الزمن الفهارس الخرائط الصور الوثائق الأقسام

مقاتل من الصحراء
Home Page / الأقســام / موضوعات صحية وغذائية / الموسوعة الصحية المصغرة / التخدير




أوراق شجيرة الكوكا
أورق شجرة الكوكا والكوكايين
نبات اليبروح
ورقة نبات القنب
استخدام غاز الأثير للتخدير
حصاد نبات الأفيون

أماكن غرز الإبر الصينية
النظام الدائري للتخدير باستخدام الغازات
التركيب الكيميائي للكوكايين
غاز أكسيد النيتروز
غاز الإنفلورين
غاز الهالوثان
غاز الإيزوفلورين




المصادر والمراجع

المصادر والمراجع

1.       Arthur, G.R., Pharmacokinetics. In, Local Anesthetics, (Strichartz, G. R., ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 81. Springer-Verlag, Berin, 1987.

2.       Butterworth, J.F. Strichartz, G.R., The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Local Anesthetics Produce Impulse Blockade: A Review. Anesthesiology, 1990.

3.       Carpenter, R.L., Mackey, D.C., Local Anesthetics. In, Clinical Anesthesia, 2nd ed. (Barash, P.G., Cullen, B.F., Stoelting, R.K., eds.) J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1992.

4.       Catterall, W.A., Cellular and Molecular Biology of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels. Physiol. Rev., 72, 1992.

5.       Courteny, K.R., Strichartz G.R., Structural Elements Which Determine Local Anesthetic Activity. In, Local Anesthetics. (Strichartz, G. R., ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

6.       Cousins, M.J., and Bridenbaugh, P.O. (eds.). Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and  Management of Pain, 3rd ed. J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1995.

7.       Covino, B.G., Toxicity and Systemic Effects of  Local Anesthetic Agents. In, Local Anesthetics. (Strichartz, G. R., ed.)  Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 81. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

8.       Covino, B.G., Vassallo, H.G., Local Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Use. Grune & Stratton, Inc., New York, 1976.

9.       DeJong, R.H., Local Anesthetics. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, MO, 1993.

10.   Garfield, J.M., Gugino, I., Central Effects of Local Anesthetics. In, Local Anesthetics. (Strichartz, G. R., ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 81.  Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

11.   Gintant, G.A., Hoffman, B.F., The Role of Local Anesthetic Effects in the Actions of Antiarrhythmic Drugs. In,  Local Anesthetics, (Strichartz, G. R., ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 81. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

12.   Greene, N.M., Uptake and Elimination of Local Anesthetics During Spinal Anesthesia. Anesth. Analg., 1983.

13.   Greene. N.M., and Brull. S.J., Physiology of Spinal Anesthesia, 3rd ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1993.

14.   Isom, L.L., De Jongh, K.S., Catterall, W.A., Auxiliary Subunits or Voltage-gated Ion Channels. Neuron, 1994.

15.   Kao, C.Y., Pharmacology of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, Fed. Proc., 1972.

16.   Levy W.J., Neurophysiologic Brain Monitoring: Electroencephalography. In, Anesthesia and Neurosurgery, 3rd ed. Cottrell, J.E., and Smith, D. S. The C.V. Mosby Co., Baltimore, 1994.

17.   Marshall. B. E., Hanson C.W., Marshall. C., Clinical Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Respiratory System. In, A Practice of Anesthesia, Healy, D., Cohen, P. J., Edward Arnold, London, 1995.

18.   Michenfelder, J.D., Anesthesia and the Brain. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1988.

19.   Pavlin, E.G., Hornbein, T. F., Anesthesia and the Control of Ventilation. In, The Respiratory System, Filshman, A.P., Hondbbok of Physiology, American Physiological Society, Bethesda MD, 1986.

20.   Raymond, S.A., Gissen, A.J., Mechanism of Differential Nerve Block. In, Local Anesthetics. (Strichartz, G. R., ed.) Handbook Experimental Pharmacology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

21.   Rusy, B.F., Komai, H., Anesthetic Depression of Myocardial Contractility: A Review of the Possible Mechanisms. Anesthesiology, 1987.

22.   Strichartz, G.R., Ritchie, J.M., The Action of Local Anesthetics on Ion Channels of Excitable Tissues. In, Local Anesthetics, Strichartz, G.R., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 81. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

23.   Vessy, M.F., Epidemiological Studies of the Occupational Hazards of Anesthesia. A Review. Anesthesia, 1978.

24.   Winters, W.D., Ferrar Allado, T., Guzinan-Flores, C., Alcaraz, M., The Cataleptic State Induced by Ketamine: A Review of the Neuro-pharmacology of Anesthesia. Neuropharmocology. 1972.