Al Moqatel - الصراع في جنوبي السودان

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AA Abyei Area

AAC Abyei Area Council

AASC Abyei Area Security Committee

ABC Abyei Boundaries Commission

A/C Account

ACHPR International Charter on Human and Peoples Rights

AEC Assessment and Evaluation Commission

AJMC Area Joint Military Committee

ARC Abyei Referendum Commission

ASAs Agreement on Security Arrangements

AU African Union

Bde Hqs Brigade Headquarters

BGR Bahr El Ghazal Region

BNL Bicameral National Legislature

BOD Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Sudan

BOSS Bank of Southern Sudan

BRA Banking Regulatory Act

CAA Chief Administrator for Abyei

CA Courts of Appeal

CBOS Central Bank of Sudan

CC Constitutional Court

CCA Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement

CFA Ceasefire Agreement

CFM Ceasefire Modalities

CID Criminal Investigation Department

CJMC Ceasefire Joint Military Committee

CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement

CPC Ceasefire Political Commission

CPMT Civilian Protection Monitoring Team

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child

CS Civil Service

CSR Convention on Status of Refugees

CSS Constitution of Southern Sudan

DD D-Day

DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

DDRR Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and Reconciliation

DG Deputy Governor

DOP (IGAD) Declaration of Principles

EC Electoral Commission

EC Executive Council

ECM Executive Council of Ministers

FFAMC Fiscal and Financial Allocation and Monitoring Commission

FOB Free on Board

FX Foreign Exchange

GONU/GNU Government of National Unity

GOS Government of the Republic of Sudan/Government of Sudan

GOSS Government of Southern Sudan

GST General Sales Tax

HDI Human Development Index

HQ Headquarters

HRC Human Rights Commission

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross

ID Identity Card

IDPs Internally Displaced Persons

IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development

IMF International Monetary Fund

IMS IGAD Member States

INC Interim National Constitution

Inf. Bn. Infantry Battalion

IP Interim Period

IPF IGAD Partner’s Forum

JAM Joint Assessment Mission

JAM CCG Joint Assessment Mission Core Coordination Group

JDB Joint Defence Board

JIUs Joint/Integrated Units

JMC Joint Military Commission (for the Nuba Mountains)

JMTs Joint Military Teams

JNTT Joint National Transition Team

JSS Judiciary of Southern Sudan

LEC Local Executive Council

LG Local Government

LICUS Low Income Countries Under Stress

M-Day Mandate Day (UN)

MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund

MDTFs Multi-Donor Trust Funds

MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining

MIC Ministry of International Corporation

MOF Ministry of Finance

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MOU-CH Memorandum of Understanding on Cessation of Hostilities

MP Machakos Protocol

NA National Assembly

NAC National Audit Chamber

NC National Capital

NCA National Congress Act

NCA National Court of Appeal

NLC National Liberation Council (of SPLM/A)

NCOs Non-Commissioned Officers

NCP National Congress Party

NCRC National Constitutional Review Commission

NSC National Civil Service

NCSC National Civil Service Commission

NCSG Northern Civil Society Groups

NDDRC Northern Sudan DDR Commission

NDDRCC National DDR Coordination Council

NE National Executive

NEC National Electoral Commission

NG National Government

NGOs Non-governmental Organizations

NJSC National Judicial Service Commission

NL National Legislature

NLC National Land Commission

NLC National Liberation Council

NM Nuba Mountains

NMDTF National Multi-Donor Trust Fund

NPC National Petroleum Commission

NPCA National Population Census Act

NPF Northern Political Forces

NRDF National Reconstruction and Development Fund

NRF National Revenue Fund

NSA National Security Act

NSC National Supreme Court

NSS National Security Service

OAG Other Armed Groups

OAGs CC Other Armed Groups Collaborative Committee

ORSA Oil Revenue Stabilization Account

PAEC Parliamentary Assessment and Evaluation Commission

PC Presidential Council

PCA Permanent Ceasefire Agreement

PIP Pre-Interim Period

POW Prisoners of War

PSP Power Sharing Protocol

SA Security Arrangements

SAF Sudan Armed Forces

SC State Constitution

SCM State Council of Ministers

SSDDRC Southern Sudan DDR Commission

SIC State Interim Constitution

SJ State Judiciary

SK Southern Kordofan

SL State Legislature

SLC State Land Commission

SNAF Sudan National Armed Forces

SOFA Status of Forces Agreement

SOMA Status of Mission Agreement

SP State Police

SPF Southern Political Forces

SPLA Sudan People’s Liberation Army

SPLM Sudan People’s Liberation Movement

SPLM/A Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s

Liberation Army

SPS State Police Service

SPS Special Administrative Status

SRS State Revenue Sources

SSC State Security Committee

SSC Southern Sudan Constitution

SSL Southern Sudan Legislature

SSL Southern Sudan Laws

SSLC Southern Sudan Land Commission

SSMDTF Southern Sudan Multi-Donor Trust Fund

SSRDF Southern Sudan Reconstruction and Development Fund

SSSC Southern Sudan Supreme Court

UN United Nations

UNAMIS United Nations Advanced Mission in Sudan

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNDPKO United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

UNHCR United Nations High Commission/High Commissioner for

Refugees

CHAPEAU OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PEACE AGREEMENT

WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of the Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/A) (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”), having met in continuous negotiations between May 2002 and December 2004, in Karen, Machakos, Nairobi, Nakuru, Nanyuki and Naivasha, Kenya, under the auspices of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Peace Process, and, in respect of the issues related to the Conflict Areas of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States and Abyei Area, under the auspices of the Government of the Republic of Kenya;

CONSCIOUS that the conflict in the Sudan is the longest running conflict in Africa; that it has caused tragic loss of life, destroyed the infrastructure of the country, eroded its economic resources and caused suffering to the people of the Sudan;

MINDFUL of the urgent need to bring peace and security to the people of the Sudan who have endured this conflict for far too long;

AWARE of the fact that peace, stability and development are aspirations shared by all people of the Sudan;

IN PURSUANCE OF the commitment of the Parties to a negotiated settlement on the basis of a democratic system of governance which, on the one hand, recognizes the right of the people of Southern Sudan to self-determination and seeks to make unity attractive during the Interim Period, while at the same time is founded on the values of justice, democracy, good governance, respect for fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, mutual understanding and tolerance of diversity within the realities of the Sudan;

RECORDING AND RECONFIRMING that in pursuance of this commitment the Parties duly reached agreement on the following texts: the Machakos Protocol, dated 20^th July, 2002 which is set out in Chapter I of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the Agreement on Security Arrangements, dated 25^th September, 2003 which is set out in Chapter VI of the CPA; the Agreement on Wealth Sharing, dated 7^th January, 2004 which is set out in Chapter III of the CPA; the Protocol on Power Sharing, dated 26^th May, 2004 which is set out in Chapter II of the CPA; the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict In Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States, dated 26^th May, 2004 which is set out in Chapter V of the CPA; and the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area, dated 26^th May, 2004 which is set out in Chapter IV of the CPA; and that the Security Council of the United Nations in its Resolution 1574 of 19^th November, 2004, took note of these aforementioned Protocols and Agreements;

RECOGNIZING that the Parties have concluded an Agreement on a Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities During the Pre-Interim and Interim Periods dated 31^st December, 2004 which is set out in Annexure I of the CPA, within the Framework of the Agreement on Security Arrangements of 25^th September, 2003;

FURTHER RECOGNIZING that the Parties have also concluded the Agreement on the Implementation Modalities of the Protocols and Agreements dated 31^st December, 2004 which is set out in Annexure II of the CPA;

NOW HEREIN THE PARTIES JOINTLY ACKNOWLEDGE that the CPA offers not only hope but also a concrete model for solving problems and other conflicts in the country;

THE PARTIES FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGE that the successful implementation of the CPA shall provide a model for good governance in the Sudan that will help create a solid basis to preserve peace and make unity attractive and therefore undertake to fully adhere to the letter and spirit of the CPA so as to guarantee lasting peace, security for all, justice and equality in the Sudan;

NOW THEREFORE, THE PARTIES AGREE, upon signing this Agreement, on the following:

(1) The Pre-Interim Period shall commence, and all the obligations and commitments specified in the CPA shall be binding in accordance with the provisions thereof;

(2) The CPA shall be comprised of the texts of the Protocols and Agreements already signed, together with this Chapeau, the Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities and its appendices as Annexure I and the Agreement on the Implementation Modalities and the Global Implementation Matrix and its appendices as Annexure II;

(3) The agreed Arabic and English texts of the CPA shall both be official and authentic. However, in the event of a dispute regarding the meaning of any provision of the text, and only if there is a difference in meaning between the Arabic and English texts; the English text shall be authoritative as English was the language of the peace negotiations.

(4) Upon compilation of the official and authentic Arabic and English texts of the CPA, the initialled copies of both texts shall be given to both Parties, and copies shall also be lodged with the United Nations, the African Union, IGAD Secretariat in Djibouti, the League of Arab States and the Republic of Kenya.

(5) All persons performing governmental functions shall continue to do so at the place at which they render such services or perform such functions unless or until redeployed or alternative instructions are received in accordance with the arrangements agreed to by the Parties.

(6) To establish such priority joint task teams, particularly the Joint National Transitional Team (JNTT), the Abyei Boundaries Commission (ABC), the Constitutional Task Team and the Joint Technical Team on “New National Currency” as required to facilitate and prepare for the operationalization of the Agreement once it is put into force;

(7) To take the necessary steps to ensure the effective implementation of the Permanent Ceasefire;

(8) To take such steps as are necessary to ensure that resources and funds are available for the establishment of the structures, bodies and institutions contemplated by the CPA especially the establishment of the Government of Southern Sudan;

THE PARTIES EXPRESS THEIR GRATITUDE for the persistent efforts of the Facilitators, the IGAD Member States, and the International Community in assisting the people of the Sudan to return to peace and stability, and in particular, to the African Union, IGAD Partners Forum, the United Nations, and the Governments of Italy, Norway, United Kingdom and the United States of America for their support for the IGAD Peace Initiative and their unwavering interest and consistent endeavours in support of the Peace Process;

THE PARTIES JOINTLY APPEAL to the Regional and International Community and call on Organizations and States which have been requested to witness the signing of this Agreement to provide and affirm their unwavering support to the implementation of the CPA, and further appeal to them to avail resources for the necessary and urgent programmes and activities of the transition to peace as contemplated and agreed herein;

THE PARTIES RECOGNIZE the enormity of the tasks that lie ahead in successfully implementing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and in signing below and before the witnesses here present, they reconfirm their commitment to implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement fully and jointly.

______________________________ ____________________________

H.E. Ali Osman Mohamed Taha Dr. John Garang de Mabior

First Vice President of the Republic Chairman of the Sudan

of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan

On behalf of the Government People’s Liberation Army

Of the Republic of the Sudan on behalf of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army

WITNESSED BY:

______________________ _______________________________

H.E. Hon. Mwai Kibaki H.E. Hon. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni

President of the Republic of Kenya President of the Republic of Uganda

On behalf of the IGAD On Behalf of IGAD Member States

Sub-Committee on the Sudan

___________________________________________

H.E. Mr. Ahmed Aboul Gheit

Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs

On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Egypt

__________________________________________

Senator Alfredo Mantica

Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs

On behalf of the Government of Italy

___________________________________________

H.E Mr. Fred Racke

Special Envoy of the Netherlands

On behalf of the Royal Kingdom of the Netherlands

__________________________________________

H.E. Ms. Hilde F. Johnson

Minister of International Development

On behalf of the Royal Norwegian Government

______________________________________

Right Hon. Hilary Benn, M.P.

Secretary of State for International Development

On behalf of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland

__________________________________________

Mr. Colin L. Powell

United States Secretary of State

On behalf of the United States of America

_________________________________________

H.E. Mr. Alpha Oumar Konare

Chairperson of the African Union

On behalf of the African Union

___________________________________________

Hon. Charles Goerens

Minister of Development Co-operation of Netherlands

On behalf of the European Union

____________________________________ ____________________________

H.E. Ms. Hilde F. Johnson Senator Alfredo Mantica

Minister of International Development Deputy Minister for foreign Affairs On behalf of the IGAD Partners Forum (IPF) On behalf of the IGAD Partners Forum (IPF)

________________________________________

H.E Mr. Amre Moussa

Secretary General of the League of Arab States

On behalf of the League of Arab States

_________________________________________

H.E. Mr. Jan Pronk

Special Representative of the Secretary General in the Sudan

On behalf of the United Nations

[1] The issue of nomenclature will be resolved in the power sharing agreement.

* This is the full text of the proposal entitled “Principles of Agreement on Abyei,” presented by US Special Envoy Senator John Danforth to H.E. First Vice President Ali Osman Mohamed Taha and SPLM/A Chairman Dr. John Garang on the 19^th March, 2004. The Parties hereby declare to adopt these Principles as the basis for the resolution of Abyei Conflict.

[2] The name of the State shall be settled before the conclusion of the Peace Agreement by a committee representing the State formed by the two Parties.

[3] Export shall be valued at the actual Free On Board (FOB) export price and oil delivered to the refineries shall be valued at the average FOB export price of the last calendar month.

List of Abbreviations:

Chapeau:

President of the Republic of Kenya President of the Republic of Uganda

On behalf of the IGAD On Behalf of IGAD Member States